Narrow Your Focus for a Research Paper

It is typical for students to set off on a research topic only to find out that the one theyve chosen is too broad. If you are lucky, you will find out before you conduct too much research, because much of the early research you carry out might be useless once you finally narrow your topic. It is a good idea to run your initial research idea by a teacher or librarian to get an expert opinion. He or she will save you some time and give you some tips on narrowing the scope of your topic. What Is Too Broad? Students get tired of hearing that their chosen topic is too broad, but it is a very common problem. How do you know if your topic is too broad? If you find yourself in the library staring at a entire section of books that could work as references for your topic, it is too broad! A good topic addresses a specific question or problem. You should see only four or five books on the shelf that address your specific research question (maybe fewer!).If your topic can be summed up in a word or two, like smoking, school cheating, education, overweight teens, corporal punishment, Korean War, or hip-hop, it is too broad.If you have trouble coming up with a thesis statement, your topic is probably too broad.​ A good research project must be narrowed down in order to be meaningful and manageable. How to Narrow Your Topic The best way to narrow your topic is to apply a few of the old familiar question words, like who, what, where, when, why, and how. Paddling as punishment:Where?: Paddling in grade schoolWhat and where?: Emotional effects of paddling in grade schoolWhat and who?: Emotional effects of paddling on female childrenHip-hop dancing:What?: Hip-hop as therapyWhat and where?: Hip-hop as therapy in JapanWhat, where, and who?: Hip-hop as therapy for delinquent youth in Japan Eventually, you will see that the process of narrowing your research topic actually makes your project more interesting. Already, youre one step closer to a better grade! Another Tactic Another good method for narrowing your focus involves brainstorming a list of terms and questions related to your broad topic. To demonstrate, lets start with a broad subject,  like unhealthy behavior as an example. Imagine that your instructor has given this subject as a writing prompt. You can make a list of somewhat-related, random nouns and see if you can ask questions to relate the two topics. This results in a narrow subject! Here is a demonstration: ArtCarsBedbugsEyeballsSandwiches This might look random, but your next step is to come up with a question that connects the two subjects. The answer to that question is the starting point for a thesis statement, and a brainstorming session like this can lead to great research ideas. Art and unhealthy behavior:Is there a specific piece of art that represents the hazards of smoking?Is there a famous artist who died from an unhealthy habit?Sandwiches and unhealthy behavior:What happens if you eat sandwiches every day for dinner?Are ice cream sandwiches really bad for us?

Finish some philosophy quiz Example

Essays on Finish some philosophy quiz Essay Philosophy questions Question I. a True b True c True d True e True since in B-rule every voter offers a linear ordering of the underlying candidates by assigning them a score as the last candidate are ranked with least points f.) True as every voter ranks the candidates in the order of the preference from top to bottom. Moreover, the voter can be permitted to rank the candidates as equivalent in order to express the prevailing indifference amidst them. g.) True, since in C-rule every voter distributes a fixed number of prevailing points and the candidates with the maximum points wins. This strategy can also work in B-rule as every voter offers a linear ordering of the underlying candidates by assigning them a score as the last candidate are ranked with least points II.a.) Therefore, it is imperative to use the C-rule and neither the M-rule nor B-rule are to be usedB= the B-Rule is to be used in EE=the most preferred exist in EM= the M rule is to be used in EE=the most preferred exis t in ES=everyone votes sincerely in ET= social preference is transitive in ED=the most preferred cab be discovered in EO= voter preferences measured ordinallyI= it is imperative to use the C-rule~ (T˄-O) ˅ ~ (I˄~D)~ (D ˅O)S→ (~O→ (~I˄T)Therefore,~STree method0~ (T˄-O) ˅ ~ (I˄~D)2~ (D ˅O)3 S→ (~O→ (~I˄T) S ~D ~O ~S 4 ~ D → (~I˄T) ~~D 5I˄~D ~I T 7 ~ (T˄O) 8~ (I˄~D) ~T ~~O ~~I ~~D Since all the ends are closed, the argument is valid B.)In case i is indifferent between a and b and also between b and c, then I is indifferent between a and cIII.~ (U˄T) ˅ ~ (P˄~D)~ (E3 ˅P)R→ (~P→ (~T˄U)Therefore,~RIV. C-rule is stables since it solely distributes a fixed number of prevailing points and the candidates with the maximum points wins. B-rule is also stable since every voter offers a linear ordering of the underlying candidates by assigning them a score as the last cand idate are ranked with least points Conversely, M-rule is unstable since every voter ranks the candidates in the order of the preference from top to bottom. Moreover, the voter can be permitted to rank the candidates as equivalent in order to express the prevailing indifference amidst them.ReferenceJacquette, D., Gabbay, D. M., Thagard, P., Woods, J. (2006). Philosophy of Logic. Burlington: Elsevier.

The Notion of Crimes against Humanity as a Human R Essay Example For Students

The Notion of Crimes against Humanity as a Human R Essay ight Inter arma silent leges -Roman maxim War and law have had a constant relationship between each other ever since the existence of conflict as a collective phenomenon. The regulation of the state of war, whether stemming from tradition, custom, certain codes of conduct and, ultimately, law, has evolved throughout the centuries together with the notion of war. The idea of a Crime of War, or war crime, is not new to the modern legal vocabulary. Unorthodox practices during a war have been branded as war crimes in many scenarios of conflict. However, these war crimes were not in themselves punishable in any international court (mainly due to the practical non-existence of such legal apparatus before the United Nations) and were very much a notion without a consequence, a general concept floating above the aftermath of wars , and not affecting individuals as such but rather relying on the concept of state responsibility. It is only since the development of a doctrine of Human Rights, of fundamental, documented universal principles, that such crimes have materialised into a legal cast due to the development of the notion of Crimes against Humanity and its derived breaches. The concept of Crimes against Humanity has been a product of very recent historical, political and social developments which has brought war crimes under a different light in international law, and very much under the scope of Human Rights, which have impregnated the law of war as an international, codified phenomenon in many ways. As a provision, it was the initial step which began a whole new approach from part of the international community towards certain abuses against civilians during periods of war and also during peace-time. Certain practices became theoretically illegal in a very broad sense within the international community, criminalising governments, collectives and individuals, whether military or civilian, and coverin g the commission of crimes both in an individual basis as well as in a collective sense. Conventions have arisen after the appearance of this idea, as well as resolutions and other relevant legislation emanating from international bodies and organisms (mainly the UN). The ultimate reason for these provisions to arise, in theoretical terms and laying aside political considerations, has been the protection of the human being as an individual, regardless of geographical, political or social factors and circumstances, and hence has become a Human Right, so to say, in its own right. Crimes against Humanity as a new principle saw its birth after the Second World War, as a result of the atrocities committed by the Nazi forces before and during the armed conflict. The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 was in a way the embodiment of the generalised fear for those atrocities ever being committed again , and this institution had a major role in the development of legal doctrines involving concepts such as Crimes against Humanity, appearing for the first time in a legal and conceptual form before the Nuremberg Trial in 1945, during the London Agreement of 1945 and its annexed charter setting the grounds for the establishment of a military tribunal. The Nuremberg Trials were conducted by the victorious powers after the Second World War, and featured the personal criminal liability of individuals held to be responsible for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. This latter crime was defined as murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or prosecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. . Through the coining of this crime, individuals as part of a universal society of man were made depositories of rights, and humanity as a whole became for the first time in international law a recognised entity. .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 , .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .postImageUrl , .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 , .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:hover , .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:visited , .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:active { border:0!important; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:active , .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59 .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14773a2495d28f8440411052bdf26b59:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison of 2 versions of Cinderella EssayAs can be seen the provisions laid down by the Charter are very broad and leave a great margin open to interpretation. In its wording, it categorises murder, extermination, enslavement and deportation as crimes against humanity, yet leaves an open avenue when mentioning other inhumane acts committed. Even though the allied powers took proper care to define these crimes in such a way .

My Essay free essay sample

Write about a time when you stood up for yourself. Growing up, my parents raised me to live the best Christian life I possibly could and was taught that the importance of God lies within your own beliefs, in which I had very deep understandings for. However, I never really noticed how naive I was in believing that everyone had the same perspectives as I did until one of my closest friends came along and told me that God was not real. Three years ago, my friend, Alec, and I were sitting on the steps of my back porch examining the sky and wondering why it was blue. Maybe it was Gods favorite color, I blurted out. With the sudden movement, Alec jerked his head and stared at me with hazy eyes. Aw cmon. You dont really believe in that crap do you? Bewildered, I looked at him and asked What crap, Alec? All that God is so good and hes the way and truth crap, he said. We will write a custom essay sample on My Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, I was completely alarmed. My best friend just admitted that he didnt believe in something so important to me. I sat there for a moment trying to process what he had just said. In my heart, I knew this was God telling me to gain control of the situation and tell my friend that he is real. So after sitting there debating if I should get up and leave or not, I just decided to witness to Alec. I told him the story of how I was saved and the possibility that he could be too. After hours of telling him stories and listening to his perspectives, he finally just called me a gullible Bible thumper. I was so angry at this point that I just threw my arms in the air yelling and screaming that he was an idiot. No one had ever called me this. How dare he called me a Bible thumper when I was only trying to help him? Alec looked at me, amazed that I could get this mad. But somewhere between the yelling and name-calling, my dad had walked outside to settle down the madness. He finally calmed my relentless self down, and simply explained to me that other people are entitled to have different opinions. He also said that yelling and screaming wont get you anywhere in life (even if someone called you something offensive). So, I sat back down next to Alec and simply explained why I believe in God in a calm and understandble manner. Though my friend had called me a Bible thumper and was completely shameless about it, I now understand that the best way to stand up for yourself in a situation like this is to calmly and simply state your beliefs. I not only stood up for myself, but my belief in God as well. I may not have changed my friends point -of- view on something as important as this topic, but trying is really all what God asks for. My Essay free essay sample Many of his statements have helped Harry and his friends get through trials of their own and fill them with the knowledge to make it through the series. With the on going battle of good versus evil throughout the series, it is Dumbledore’s responsibility to guide his students and instill the right morals in them to go above and beyond the temptation of evil. Even as evil is approaching the innocent students at Hogwarts, Dumbledore remind them that hard choices are on the way. He states, â€Å"We must all face the choice between what is right and what is easy† (Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire) and â€Å"You fail to recognize that it matters not what someone is born, but what they grow to be† (Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire). Aristotle believed that it is the habitual choices that a person makes that compose their character. He states, â€Å"Where doing or making is dependent on knowing how, we acquire the know-how by actually doing† (Melchert, 190). We will write a custom essay sample on My Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Aristotle goes on to continue to say that builders are builders because they build things. Lyre players are people who actually play the lyre. These same qualities can be seen by people who are called brave or temperate. Those people choose to do actions that would label them with the name brave or temperate. Whether it be good or bad, a person must make the choices that coincide with those moral identities. Growing up in life, every person must make habituals choices. Each choice has a consequence either negative or positive. In retrospective, people try to make choices that will influence them to be a better person. People choose to eat certain food to maintain a healthy diet. People choose to complete homework assignments to maintain a good grade point average. People choose to act kindly towards an acquaintance to show respect. Everyday people are imposes with choices, which Aristotle says it directly affects their character. When evil prevails, a person might become consumed in the depression and anxiety of its wrath. Dumbledore reminds his pupils, â€Å"Happiness can be found in the darkest of times if one only remembers to turn on the light† (Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban). During the time of Dumbledore, there was a lot of fear as evil started to gain momentum and power. He was reminding his students that they themselves have the power to eradicate fear and they can withstand any dark time that they encounter. This is like how Epicurus reassured his followers to overcome their fears. He pointed out two main fears: the fear of the gods and the fear of death (Melchert, 201). Epicurus believed that both of these fears were irrational, yet plagued many, and tried to comfort them by giving them hope. He pointed out that the gods are not interested in demonizing the living because interacting with people would make them less godly, thus killing them faster. For the fear of death, he advised his followers to meditate on death and accept that everything must die at the end of their time, but always being afraid of this death hinders a person from fully living. Epicurus thought it was necessary to address these fears, or turning on a light as Dumbledore suggests, in order to find happiness. As the final battle of good versus evil becomes closer, Dumbledore becomes a key part to Harry’s motivation to finish strong. Dumbledore reminds him, â€Å"Do not pity the dead, Harry, pity the living, and above all, those who live without love† (The Deathy Hallows Part II Movie). Love is a main theme throughout the Harry Potter series, a factor that the good possesses and evil lacks. The main focus of Christianity is how to live as a Christ-like person through love. In Christianity, it is believed that Jesus died on a cross to save the sins of man kind. It is through this action that Christians believe it is a selfless act of love. In a familiar way, Lilian Potter gave up her life her her son Harry. Through her love for her son, she sacrificed her love so that Harry could become the boy who lived. Christians’ faith revolve around being like Christ, meaning to love God with all their heart, soul, and strength, and to also love other people as much as they love themselves. It is the core Christian belief that love is one of the most constant and challenging aspects of Christianity. In Matthew 5:39, it states, â€Å"But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also†. This means to not fight back as intuition may tell somebody to do, but on the contrary, act peaceful and show love for it will give an example of humility and justice. Dumbledore could have been seen to turn the other cheek when he put his trust in Severus Snape. Even though Snape was once caught up in the Dark Lord, Dumbledore was able to show love to Snape and help him believe in the good again. Dumbledore tells Harry to pity those who do not love, because those without love do not know the kindness and forgiveness that comes along with love. Dumbledore was a great example of showing how to love a person even after they may have chosen a wrong path in the past. If I was able to sit down and chat with Dumbledore, I would bring up all these amazing similarities between his quotes and different philosophies. I imagine that he would have a calm essence in his presence, the mighty Albus Dumbledore who possessed the most powerful wand in the world. He had the choice of using it for good to help build up the magic world or use it for evil that is associated being overwhelmed with greed and power. I would ask him how he felt when he realized that his death was ultimately a key element in ensuring good would conquer evil. I’m sure he would respond with ease saying something along the line that self-sacrifice for the sake of the good is an honorable achievement, like martyrdom. I hope to one day be filled with the wisdom of Dumbledore and achieve an honorable death like him. MLA Works Cited Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Dir. Mike Newell. Warner Bros. Pictures, 2005. DVD. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Dir. Alfonso Cuaron. Warner Bros. Pictures, 2004. DVD. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2. Dir. David Yates. Warner Bros. Pictures, 2011. DVD. Melchert, Norman. The Great Conversation. 6th ed. New York, New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print.