Does Kripke's Pierre Really Believe of London both that It Is Pretty Term Paper

Does Kripke's Pierre Really Believe of London both that It Is Pretty and that It Is not Pretty - Term Paper Example Saul Kripke clearly brings into focus the narration about Pierre in his article, a puzzle about belief. This story could be possibly true on earth as we know it. The story lacks twin worlds or people who are identical. For this reason, it distinguishes itself as a more innocent story compared to other recent past experiments of philosophical thought Sorensen, Roy. Without employing the use of dramatic devices, the story appears to point to realistic possibilities. The possibilities seem to have a lot of philosophical blasts. Supposedly, the story about Pierre has become common knowledge to philosophers by now. Pierre was initially a normal French speaker. Later, he moved to London where he learned and practiced English. He did this without attempting to use the dictionary or any other reference material2. While still in France, he used to hear about London. As a result of what he heard concerning London, he obtained a disposition to subscribe to the sentence â€Å"Londres est jolie†. He still has this disposition. After spending some time in England, learned and became a normal English speaker. Following what he had seen in London, he now asserts to the sentence that London is not pretty. Pierre does not notice that the very city he calls London and wishes when he speaks French is that same city as that which he calls London when he now speaks English. When communicating to his English friends, Pierre asserts that London is not pretty. When conversing with the French in this same city, he sometimes claims that "Londres est jolie", meaning that London is pretty3. According to the principles of our common practice of belief acknowledgment, we appear to be compelled to assert that Pierre believes that London is not pretty. This is based on his assertion that London is not pretty. At the same time, we appear to be compelled to conclude that Pierre believes that in fact, London is pretty. This assertion is based on the strength of Pierre’s assertion that â€Å"Londres est jolie† these contradictory statements bring about a puzzle in the story about the common idea of belief. In other words, it creates a puzzle on the semantic role of proper nouns like London and Londres.

Cost Leadership Strategy For Tune Hotels Tourism Essay

Cost Leadership Strategy For Tune Hotels Tourism Essay As a business development manager of Tune hotel, I have been requested to propose and justify the implementation of an overall cost leadership strategy for Tune hotels.com. this proposal is consists of preparing a strategic service vision for Tune hotels.com by taking few aspects as a consideration into account, such as the target market segment, service concept, operating strategy and also the service delivery system as well. Besides that, I have been asked to identify what are the service dimensions in setting the benchmark for service qualifiers, service winners and service losers as well. Hotel overview Air Asia is a low cost carrier (LCC) airline, with the image of making flying feasible for everybody, where it is well known for the largest low fare and no frills airline, and Tune hotel is one of another luminous thought invented by the air Asias Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and also the founder of Air Asia as well, Datuk Tony Fernandes. Tune hotels have open its first no frills hotel branch in Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman,Kuala Lumpur on 9th april 2007. Tune Hotel is currently operating in places such as Malaysia, Downtown Penang, Kota Damansara, Kuala Lumpur, KLIA LCCT Airport, Johor, Kuching, Kota Kinabalu, Indonesia and United Kingdom and London as well. Question 1 Target market segment As in the context of a business, target market segment is an essential element which is needed to be considered and it is important in facilitating and directing the business path in the market. Target market segment, which is targeting the audience, is very important to sustain the survival of a business or industry as well. Tune hotel which has been categorized under the service industry and it can be considered as the market leader in the no frills budget hotel in Malaysia and South East Asia. Tune hotel has implemented a creative and innovative concept to be used in Malaysia, and they differ from their competitors since no any hotel or company has claims to be in the same market segment. Tune hotel has used the geographic segmentation dimensions to influence the market opportunity, for instance, tune hotel at Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, which is known as the budget hotel which has the similar concept of no frills Air Asia Airlines,tune hotel also adapt the same concept where it is also the first no frills hotel in Asia as well. Tune hotel Kuala Lumpur are strategically located at the central of Kuala Lumpur in Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, whereby it is close to major shopping, food and beverage outlets and entertainment areas. Moreover, the location is also convenient and facilities such as LRT and bused as well. (Anonmous, n.d) Swot analysis of tune hotel Strength Tune hotel has a great strength whereby they have a reward system to those customers who have done an advance booking service through internet with them. By introducing this system, tune hotel will be able to attract more customers and maintain those loyal customers in future as well. Besides that, Tune hotel have a great central location with facilities such as LRT and buses and it is nearby shopping areas, entertainment areas, and food and beverage areas as well. This attracts and encourages those customers, especially foreigners to choose Tune hotel as well. Moreover, Tune hotel are attractive with their pricing strategies as well, in situation where most of the Air Asia customers are those tune hotels loyal customers. Weakness Tune hotel has a very limited number of customers in the region who are conscious of the Tune hotel. This could be one of the weaknesses faced by Tune hotel. Tune hotel should be able to work on their advertising method and emphasis more on their service provided. Opportunity In order to gain the competitive market and be the first market leader in service industry, Tune hotel can be able to attract more customers by improving their marketing strategy effectively to gain the customers satisfaction and their support as well in future. Threat Tune hotel receives a high competition in the service industry since it has been unique in the industry. High Competition among competitors is one the biggest threat to tune hotel to sustain in the market in the future. Outsourcing is also one of the threat to Tune Hotel since other Hotels do provide facilities which tune Hotel doesnt provide, for instance other hotels have basis necessities of customer such as the boiler, drinking water and many more, meanwhile Tune hotel does not provide all this. Service concept Source: http://www.xm-msia.com/xm/tunehotels/facilities.asp Tune hotel is unique in providing their service, compared to their competitors, and they operate a limited service concept, where they only offer single and double room for its customers. They have 5 star beds provided in each rooms feature high quality spring mattress beds with basic needs such as pillows, pillowcase and bed sheets. Each of the room consists of attached private bathrooms together with heated power showers with the minimal room rates. Tune hotel are have a central and convenient and strategic location which is nearby to shopping areas, ATM services to withdrawal purposes, food and beverage such as kopitiam outlets and entertainment as well. Moreover, Tune hotel has 24-hour security facilities as well whereby it is secure and safe to be in the surroundings of the hotel. Operating strategy Tune hotel makes use of the outsourcing as their operating strategy to save the operation cost and to improve and get better output and efficiency of the hotel. For instance, Tune Hotel in Kuala Lumpur, the maintenance, Kopitiam, 7 eleven which is available for 24 hours, money changer kiosk, fast food outlets such as Subway, and CIMB ATM and bureau the change are certainly part of outsourcing. By implementing this operating strategy effectively, Tune Hotel have be able to save a huge amount of their cost and this eventually helped Tune Hotel to improve on better production and productivity effectively and efficiently of their hotel. ( Batcha, 2007). Service delivery system Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/4089502/Tune-Hotel The service delivery system in Tune Hotel is overwhelming, and core and supplementary services provided are identified through the flower of service model. The service are divided into 2 main sections, where the information, order taking, billing and payment are categorized under the facilitating services, meanwhile consultation, housekeeping, hospitality and exception are categorized under the second section named as enhancing services. TUNE HOTELS STAKEHOLDERS Source: http://www.xm-msia.com/xm/tunehotels/about_us_3.asp Tune hotels sdn.bhd is 40% owned by Datuk Tony Fernandes, 30% by Dato Kamarudin Meranun, 25% by Dennis Melka and the rest 5% by Tune Strategic Investments Limited. Tune Ventures Sdn Bhd owns 72.19% stake in tune hotels, followed by Dato Kalimullah Hassan which now the chairman of ECM avenue which is one of the listed Malaysian investment bank owns 12.03% stake in tune hotels, Lim Kian Onn the chairman of ECM avenue, also owns the same percentage as Dato Kalimullah Hassan 12.03%, and lastly followed by tune hotels employee holding sdn bhd where the company is formely owned by the key employees of tune hotel owns 3.75% stake in tune hotels as well. Question 2 Service qualifiers Tune hotel is classified to be the service qualifier since it is providing a good service which meets the requirements of a consumer. For instance, tune hotel has a clean environment around, whereby they provide housekeeping services to make sure the consumers feels safe and clean with the surrounding environment. Moreover, Tune hotel are concerned with the safety as well, where they have the 24 hour security system applied, whereby they uses electronic key card to access into rooms, CCTV cameras services, round- the- clock on duty reception staff and no access to the main lobby without a keycard pass midnight.(anonymous, 2007) Moreover, tune hotel also has introduced tune hotel insurance only in Malaysia, and said to be globally soon. Those insurance are not only responsible for the lost of travel documents, but also has take the responsibilities of being cautious of guests personal accident, medical expenses and also delayed check in as well.(anonymous, n.d). Service winners Service winners are those competitive dimensions used to make the final choice among competitors, for instance is the price. The pricing strategy of Tune hotel is from the range of RM 9.90. Tune hotels price will be different during peak seasons, promotion seasons and also a different price range for the advance booking as well. Service loser When tune hotel fails to deliver the needs and wants of the customer, they might entitle to be the service loser. Service loser occurs when there is a failure to meet the expectations of what customer actually wants. Tune hotel should be able to implement new marketing strategy as Tune Hotel is having a high competition among its competitors which is a threat to them. Question 3 Porters generic strategies Source: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml Tune hotel has adopt the cost leadership strategy overall. This cost leadership strategy mainly emphasis on the low cost producer in the industry. Setting price low sometimes might influence the way of thinking of a customer, where low price may give a negative perception of the quality and the brand image of the company itself. For instance, there are not many out there are aware about Tune hotel and its services, since it is new in the market. This is mainly because the strategy used to representation about Tune hotel is done ineffectively. Tune hotel should come up with an effective strategy to expose their brand name by having advertisement about its service and facilities provided to attract not only the Air Asias customers, but also to the locals and foreigners who travel frequently. Placing Tune hotel in a strategic location with the lower price is valuable, but it should also be a place where customers feel flexible and convenient with the environment as well. Tune hotel in Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman where it is a location which is popular with prohibited immigrations and place where they gather together. The place is nearer to the place where most of the time it is famous with prostitution, drugs and offense are indivisible. This might not guarantee the safety at times and it could be one of the main problem customers will have a choice to choose other hotels as their choice. Tune hotel can improve this by making a deep study and research about those place and plan the location as well to avoid those circumstances occur. Moreover, Tune hotel has limited services where they dont provide the basis necessities such as boiler, drinking water and so on. Tune hotel save cost on this, but yet it should not be limited in providing the services since its known as the budget hotel. Tune hotel can improve on their service provided to enhance the satisfaction of the customers and maintain its competitive advantage than its competitors. Conclusion Overall, Tune hotel has been taking the efforts to reach the audience by implementing the no frills concept hotel. Since it is still new in the market, Tune hotel should implement new ideas to expose its brand name and win the local consumers perception as well to adopt their name as well.

Children and the Censorship of Internet Pornography Essay -- Internet

The Internet is a global network of vast information. With a few clicks, an individual can have access to up to 200 million web-sites filled with educational and recreational information. The Internet is not regulated in anyway (Carnegie Library 1). It is accessible throughout the entire world from the North to the South, to the early morning sunrise and dark sunsets. Different ethnicity and backgrounds come together linked upon this network resembling a connection of one body in unity. Sadly, issues arise creating concern for users, focusing particularly on minors. Pornography is one of the inappropriate materials on the Internet for minors. This material is harmful to young impressionable minds. Pornography is tearing and disintegrating the foundations of our society can be described as follows, "what was available to a small number of people willing to drive to the bad side of town can now be viewed at any time in the privacy of one"s home" (Anderson 2). In order to under stand how to aid in the critical decision of whether or not to censor child pornography, an individual has to first clearly understand a few terms. These terms will aid in a clear understanding throughout the case study. a.)Definition of "Censorship." The American Library Association defines Censorship as "the change in access status of material, made by a governing authority or its representatives. Such changes include: exclusion, restriction, removal or age/grade level changes." Censorship predetermines and judges the material by imposing a standard view on what is appropriate for society. It is the act, process, or practice by which examining in order is to suppress or delete anything considered as objectionable. b.)"Pornography"... ...man Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999 (Reported in the House) http://internet.ggu.edu/university_library/if/H4274.html  ·Anderson, Kerby. "The Pornography Plague." "Probe Ministries." http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/pornplag.html  ·Napili, Angela. "Pornography, Internet Filters, and Your Public Library." http://si.umich.edu/Community/connections/pro_InternetPorn.html  ·"From Now On / The Educational Technology Journa." Vol 5|No 5|March/April|1996 http://www.fno.org/mar96/whynot.html  ·Magid, Lawrence J. "Child Safety on the Information Highway." (c) 1998 National Center for Missing and Exploited Children http://safekids.com/child_safety.htm  ·Children in the Libarary. on Internet Access to Pornography." http://clpgh.org/clp/policy/position.shtml  ·FIRST AMENDMENT CYBER-TRIBUNE http://w3.trib.com/FACT/

Cryogens Essay

Cryogens are effective thermal storage media which, when used for automotive purposes, offer significant advantages over current and proposed electrochemical battery technologies, both in performance and economy. An automotive propulsion concept is presented which utilizes liquid nitrogen as the working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. The principle of operation is like that of a steam engine, except there is no combustion involved. Liquid nitrogen is pressurized and then vaporized in a heat exchanger by the ambient temperature of the surrounding air. The resulting high – pressure nitrogen gas is fed to the engine converting pressure into mechanical power. The only exhaust is nitrogen. The usage of cryogenic fuels has significant advantage over other fuels. Also, factors such as production and storage of nitrogen and pollutants in the exhaust give advantage for the cryogenic fuels. INTRODUCTION The importance of cars in the present world is increasing day by day. There are various factors that influence the choice of the car. These include performance, fuel, pollution etc. As the prices for fuels are increasing and the availability is decreasing we have to go for alternative choice. Here an automotive propulsion concept is presented which utilizes liquid nitrogen as the working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. When the only heat input to the engine is supplied by ambient heat exchangers, an automobile can readily be propelled while satisfying stringent tailpipe emission standards. Nitrogen propulsive systems can provide automotive ranges of nearly 400 kilometers in the zero emission mode, with lower operating costs than those of the electric vehicles currently being considered for mass production. In geographical regions that allow ultra low emission vehicles, the range and performance of the liquid nitrogen automobile can be significantly extended by the addition of a small efficient burner. Some of the advantages of a transportation infrastructure based on liquid nitrogen are that recharging the energy storage system only requires minutes and there are minimal environmental hazards associated with the manufacture and utilization of the cryogenic â€Å"fuel†. The basic idea of nitrogen propulsion system is to utilize the atmosphere as the heat source. This is in contrast to the typical heat engine where the atmosphere is used as the heat sink. PARTS OF A LIQUID NITROGEN PROPULSION CYCLE The main parts of a liquid nitrogen propulsion system are: 1.Cryogen Storage Vessel. 2.Pump. 3.Economizer. 4.Expander Engine. 5.Heat exchanger. The parts and their functions are discussed in detail below: Cryogen Storage Vessel: The primary design constraints for automobile cryogen storage vessels are: resistance to deceleration forces in the horizontal plane in the event of a traffic accident, low boil-off rate, minimum size and mass, and reasonable cost. Pump: The pump is used to pump the liquid nitrogen into the engine. The pump which are used for this purpose have an operating pressure ranging between 500 – 600 Psi. As the pump, pumps liquid instead of gas, it is noticed that the efficiency is high. Economizer: A preheater, called an economizer, uses leftover heat in the engine’s exhaust to preheat the liquid nitrogen before it enters the heat exchanger. Hence the economizer acts as a heat exchanger between the incoming liquid nitrogen and the exhaust gas which is left out. This is similar to the preheating process which is done in compressors. Hence with the use of the economizer, the efficiency can be improved. The design of this heat exchanger is such as to prevent frost formation on its outer surfaces. Expander: The maximum work output of the LN2 engine results from an isothermal expansion stroke. Achieving isothermal expansion will be a challenge, because the amount of heat addition required during the expansion process is nearly that required to superheat the pressurized LN2 prior to injection. Thus, engines having expansion chambers with high surface-to-volume ratios are favored for this application. Rotary expanders such as the Wankel may also be well suited. A secondary fluid could be circulated through the engine block to help keep the cylinder walls as warm as possible. Multiple expansions and reheats can also be used although they require more complicated machinery. Heat Exchanger: The primary heat exchanger is a critical component of a LN2 automobile. Since ambient vaporizers are widely utilized in the cryogenics and LNG industries, there exists a substantial technology base. Unfortunately, portable cryogen vaporizers suitable for this new application are not readily available at this time. To insure cryomobile operation over a wide range of weather conditions, the vaporizer should be capable of heating the LN2 at its maximum flow rate to near the ambient temperature on a cold winter day. Since reasonable performance for personal transportation vehicles can be obtained with a 30 kW motor, the heat exchanger will be sized accordingly. For an isothermal expansion engine having an injection pressure of 4 MPa, the heat absorbed from the atmosphere can, in principle, be converted to useful mechanical power with about 40% efficiency. Thus the heat exchanger system should be prudently designed to absorb at least 75 kW from the atmosphere when its temperature is only 0 °C. POWER CYCLE There are many thermodynamic cycles available for utilizing the thermal potential of liquid nitrogen. These range from the Brayton cycle, to using two- and even three-fluid topping cycles, to employing a hydrocarbon-fueled boiler for superheating beyond atmospheric temperatures. The easiest to implement, however, and the one chosen for this study, is shown below. This system uses an open Rankine cycle. The states involved in the temperature – entropy diagram for the open rankine cycle is described below. State 1 is the cryogenic liquid in storage at 0.1 MPa and 77 K. The liquid is pumped up to system pressure of 4 MPa (supercritical) at state 2 and then enters the economizer. State 3 indicates N2 properties after it is being preheated by the exhaust gas. Further heat exchange with ambient air brings the N2 to 300 K at state 4, ready for expansion. Isothermal expansion to 0.11 MPa at state 5 would result in the N2 exhaust having enough enthalpy to heat the LN2 to above its critical temperature in the economizer, whereas adiabatic expansion to state 6 would not leave sufficient enthalpy to justify its use. The specific work output would be 320 and 200 kJ/kg-LN2 for these isothermal and adiabatic cycles, respectively, without considering pump work. While these power cycles do not make best use of the thermodynamic potential of the LN2, they do provide specific energies competitive with those of lead-acid batteries. ADVANTAGES Liquid nitrogen automobiles will have significant performance and environmental advantages over electric vehicles. A liquid nitrogen car with a 60-gallon tank will have a potential range of up to 200 miles, or more than twice that of a typical electric car. Furthermore, a liquid nitrogen car will be much lighter and refilling its tank will take only 10-15 minutes, rather than the several hours required by most electric car concepts. Motorists will fuel up at filling stations very similar to today’s gasoline stations. When liquid nitrogen is manufactured in large quantities, the operating cost per mile of a liquid nitrogen car will not only be less than that of an electric car but will actually be competitive with that of a gasoline car. Compared to fossil fuels: The process to manufacture liquid nitrogen in large quantities can be environmentally very friendly, even if fossil fuels are used to generate the electric power required. The exhaust gases produced by burning fossil fuels in a power plant contain not only carbon dioxide and gaseous pollutants, but also all the nitrogen from the air used in the combustion. By feeding these exhaust gases to the nitrogen liquefaction plant, the carbon dioxide and other undesirable products of combustion can be condensed and separated in the process of chilling the nitrogen, and thus no pollutants need be released to the atmosphere by the power plant. The sequestered carbon dioxide and pollutants could be injected into depleted gas and oil wells, deep mine shafts, deep ocean subduction zones, and other repositories from which they will not diffuse back into the atmosphere, or they could be chemically processed into useful or inert substances. Consequently, the implementation of a large fleet of liquid nitrogen vehicles could have much greater environmental benefits than just reducing urban air pollution as desired by current zero-emission vehicle mandates.

Public transport

Are there more advantages or disadvantages to this change? In many countries around the world there is considerable debate about the role of public transport. One suggestion that is commonly put forward is that it should be made free of charge. My belief is that while this policy might be difficult to implement in practice, there are at least two strong reasons for considering it.The ne significant problem with making public transport free of charge is financial. Councils and local governments need sufficient revenue not only to pay bus drivers and other ancillary staff, but also to maintain the transport infrastructure. There is a real danger that allowing people to travel for free would deprive transport authorities of much needed funds and lead to a lower standard of service. This financial difficulty in free public transport is counterbalanced by a potential benefit to the nvironment.The fact that so many people use cars nowadays means that our cities are suffer from rising level s of pollution from car exhaust emissions. One way to address this problem would be to encourage more people to use buses and trains by abolishing fares. If more commuters chose to travel to work on public transport, our cities would almost certainly be cleaner places to live in. Another way in which free public transport could improve our quality of life relates to congestion.Currently, the trend is for increasing numbers of people to choose to drive to work. This means that in many cases the rush hour is several hours long and it is sometimes almost impossible to travel across a city. It is probable that this level of congestion would be reduced by making public transport free. My conclusion is then that there are more advantages than disadvantages to free public transport, but this policy may be financially impossible to implement.

The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU

The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU By Maeve Maddox In response to the post on all a rouse, Paul Wilkins wrote I am wondering why people are misusing rouse to mean ruse. What other spellings of common words are there that would cause them to think that rouse is pronounced in the same was as ruse? The only only one that comes to mind is the -use word ending for words such as hypotenuse. Actually, there are several English words in which the spelling ou represents the /oo/ sound: you, your, tour, crouton, group, coup The reference on which I most rely for discussing the sounds and spelling of English is Romalda Spaldings The Writing Road to Reading. Spalding based the teaching guidelines in her book on the work of Samuel Orton and his student Anne Gillingham. Both the Spalding Method and the Orton-Gillingham Method organize the sounds and symbols of English into 46 sounds (phonemes) and 70 written symbols (phonograms). In the Spalding method phonograms that represent more than one sound are presented in order of frequency. That is, if a letter or letter combination can represent more than one sound, the first sound is the most common, the second less common, and so on. When encountering an unfamiliar word, the beginning reader is taught to try the first sound first. If that doesnt produce a recognizable word, then the second sound is to be tried. In Spalding the four sounds of the phonogram ou are presented in this order: 1. /ow/ as in found about, house, shout, mouse, count, loud, sound, hound 2. long o as in four pour, course, court, gourd, mourn, fourth 3. /oo/ as in you your, tour, crouton, group, coup 4. /uh/ as in country cousin, double As one might expect, American pronunciation has undergone changes since Orton and his students did their research back in the 1920s and 1930s. Television has spread many pronunciations and words that were once considered regional rather than standard. For example, the word tour [tÊŠr] is often heard pronounced to rhyme with chore. In answer to the readers question, the bloggers who spell the word ruse with the phonogram ou have never seen the word in print. They are associating the spelling ou with its third sound and not its most common sound. As the writing population continues to read less, many conventional spellings will be lost. They will be replaced by forms that look right to writers who are not used to seeing them in print. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightWhat is Dative Case?Affect vs. Effect

Annunciation vs. Enunciation

Annunciation vs. Enunciation Annunciation vs. Enunciation Annunciation vs. Enunciation By Maeve Maddox I read the following in an NPR (National Public Radio) transcript: Im articulate, which means that when it comes to annunciation and diction, I dont even think of it cause Im articulate.   My first reaction was to smile at what I assumed was an amusing typo, perhaps the result of a mechanical voice transcription error. But then I decided to see if I could discover other examples of annunciation used in contexts calling for enunciation. I found quite a few. Not surprisingly, many of the errors occur on amateur sites and forums where correct spelling is not an issue: He had a pretty heavy lisp, and the thing that was most pronounced was his over-annunciation of words so that his speech was very slow and drawn out. Almost 5 [years old and] has annunciation issues. just started speech therapy 2x week 30 minutes each. It’s just an overall annunciation issue, rather than a particular sound. More surprising is finding the error in a professional context, on sites offering speech therapy and in documents posted on government sites: [Our] speech therapists help adults who have problems understanding written or spoken words, feeding and swallowing, or speaking clearly with appropriate annunciation and tone. Our daughter is six years old and is being teased at school for her annunciation. (A parental testimonial featured on a professional site’s landing page.) While he has come a long way, he is still very behind in his pronunciation and annunciation. (Petition requesting insurance coverage for speech therapy) The word annunciation means announcement. The word is closely associated with a particular announcement: the one made to Mary regarding the impending birth of Jesus: And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name  Jesus.–Luke 1:30-31, KJV. This use of Annunciation is always capitalized: One of the most famous paintings of the Annunciation is one attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and Andrea del Verrocchio. Enunciation, on the other hand, refers to the clear utterance of speech sounds: If youre looking to improve your childs  enunciation, its best to begin with an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist.   No vocal warm-up is complete without reciting a few  enunciation  exercises. One way to keep the words apart is to pronounce the a in annunciation as a schwa sound and the e in enunciation as a long e sound, as in he. Note: The schwa sounds like â€Å"uh.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other Acclamations50 Synonyms for "Song"

The Untold History of American Indian Slavery

The Untold History of American Indian Slavery Long before the transatlantic African slave trade was established in North America a transatlantic slave trade in Indians had been occurring since the very earliest European arrivals. It was used as a weapon of war among the European colonists and as a tactic for survival among Indians who participated in the slave trade as slavers. It contributed to the fierce decline in Indian populations after the coming of the Europeans along with devastating disease epidemics and lasted well into the eighteenth century when it was replaced by African slavery. It has left a legacy still felt among Native populations in the east, and it is also one of the most hidden narratives in American historical literature. Documentation The historical record of the Indian slave trade is based on many disparate and scattered sources including legislative notes, trade transactions, journals of slavers, government correspondence and especially church records, making it difficult to account for the entire history. It is well known by historians that the slave trade began with the Spanish incursions into the Caribbean and Christopher Columbus’s taking of slaves, as documented in his own journals. Every European nation that colonized North America utilized Indian slaves for construction, plantations, and mining on the North American continent but more frequently in their outposts in the Caribbean and in the metropoles of Europe. As the pieces of the puzzle come together in the scholarship, historians note that nowhere is there more documentation than in South Carolina, what was the original English colony of Carolina, established in 1670. It is estimated that between 1650 and 1730 at least 50,000 Indians (and likely more due to transactions hidden to avoid paying government tariffs and taxes) were exported by the English alone to their Caribbean outposts. Between 1670 and 1717 far more Indians were exported than Africans were imported. In southern coastal regions, entire tribes were exterminated through slavery compared to disease or war. In a law passed in 1704, Indian slaves were conscripted to fight in wars for the colony long before the American Revolution. Indian Complicity and Complex Relationships Indians found themselves caught in between colonial strategies for power and economic control. The fur trade in the Northeast, the English plantation system in the south and the Spanish mission system in Florida collided with major disruptions to Indian communities. Indians displaced from the fur trade in the north migrated south where plantation owners armed them to hunt for slaves living in the Spanish mission communities. The French, the English, and Spanish often capitalized on the slave trade in other ways; for example, they garnered diplomatic favor when they negotiated the freedom of slaves in exchange for peace, friendship and military alliance. In another instance of Indian and colonial complicity in the slave trade, the British had established ties with the Chickasaw who were surrounded by enemies on all sides in Georgia. They conducted extensive slave raids in the lower Mississippi Valley where the French had a foothold, which they sold to the English as a way to reduce In dian populations and keep the French from arming them first. Ironically, the English also saw it as a more effective way to civilize them compared to the efforts of the French missionaries. Extent of the Trade The Indian slave trade covered an area from as far west and south as New Mexico (then Spanish territory) northward to the Great Lakes. Historians believe that all tribes in this vast swath of land were caught up in the slave trade in one way or another, either as captives or as traders. Slavery was part of the larger strategy to depopulate the land to make way for European settlers. As early as 1636 after the Pequot war in which 300 Pequots were massacred, those who remained were sold into slavery and sent to Bermuda. Major slaving ports included Boston, Salem, Mobile and New Orleans. From those ports Indians were shipped to Barbados by the English, Martinique and Guadalupe by the French and the Antilles by the Dutch. Indian slaves were also sent to the Bahamas as the breaking grounds where they mightve been transported back to New York or Antigua. The historical record indicates a perception that Indians did not make good slaves. When they werent shipped far from their home territories they too easily escaped and were given refuge by other Indians if not in their own communities. They died in high numbers on the transatlantic journeys and succumbed easily to European diseases. By 1676 Barbados had banned Indian slavery citing too bloody and dangerous an inclination to remain here. Slavery’s Legacy of Obscured Identities As the Indian slave trade gave way to the African slave trade by the late 1700’s (by then over 300 years old) Native American women began to intermarry with imported Africans, producing mixed-race offspring whose native identities became obscured through time. In the colonial project to eliminate the landscape of Indians, these mixed-race people simply became known as colored people through bureaucratic erasure in public records. In some cases such as in Virginia, even when people were designated as Indians on birth or death certificates or other public records, their records were changed to reflect â€Å"colored.† Census takers, determining a person’s race by their looks, often recorded mixed-race people as simply black, not Indian. The result is that today there is a population of people of Native American heritage and identity (particularly in the Northeast) who are not recognized by society at large, sharing similar circumstances with the Freedmen of the Cher okee and other Five Civilized Tribes.

Child Labor In Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Child Labor In Business - Essay Example These are consistency and universalisability as well as human dignity. The maxim of consistency and universalisability requires individuals within business enterprises to act in correspondence with the maxim while the maxim of human dignity requires fair treatment of humanity â€Å"as an end instead of a means to an end† (Makkreel and Luft 47). This conjecture offers a basis for the progress of extensive and honorable rules that can effectively guide the operations of a business enterprise in terms of ethical considerations. For example, it can guide an organisation to make laws and codes of conduct based on the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. This declaration calls for the effective closing down of institutions abusing child labor. The philosophical interpretations of this theory are applicable when addressing the malpractice of child labor in business because it is majorly concerned with goodwill as the rational motivation for human beings. In essence, business managers who subscribe to this theory will understand that children are rational human beings who should be motivated by the good will of education, care, play and treatment instead of exposure to inhuman treatment of child labor. Besides, the theory highlights the need for respect, human rights and equality for all. This is in contrast to the ideals of child labor where children are exposed to harsh treatment. Extensively overworking anybody including a child has adverse and detrimental effects on the health, psychological, physical and welfare of the child (Makkreel and Luft 47). Child labor within businesses is enormous and complex. Kantianism faces several shortcomings as it tries to address these shortcomings. This is because the theory assumes that humans are... This essay stresses that child labor within businesses is enormous and complex. Kantianism faces several shortcomings as it tries to address these shortcomings. This is because the theory assumes that humans are independent rational beings. However, this is false children because the factors that drive children into child labor are beyond their control. Children lack the capacity to make appropriate decisions, and lack independence to support their choices. This report makes a conclusion that business managers can eliminate child labour by focusing on the act of utilitarianism and the rule of utilitarianism. In the act of utilitarianism, it is necessary to review the consequences of individual actions and calculate its usefulness during performance. The rule of justice operates â€Å"under the veil of ignorance† and demands that each individual should enjoy equal rights. The resultant liberties should match the related liberty systems for other people. In this regard, the social and economic inequalities need correction to address the needs of the disadvantaged and provide equal and fair opportunities to everyone. This is especially the case in positions or offices where people seek services. Based on this understanding, the social contract theory is applicable in business organisations that lack existing regulations that encourage the growth of child labour. The application of social contract theory will ensure that business org anisations consider the rights and justices.

Virtual Recruiter System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtual Recruiter System - Research Paper Example This paper presents an overview of different aspects that are associated with this implementation. One of the best solutions to improve human resource recruitment and the management system of XYZ Corporation is the implementation of a virtual recruiter system. The basic purpose of this system implementation is to improve the process of recruitment. This system will allow the management to submit their requests electronically. The application will be created in the internal communication system. In this scenario, the application will allow line managers to coordinate his hiring needs via electronic recruitment application. The system will collect the line manager request with the requirements and the qualification of his new employee. The implementation of this system will make current process more electronic on virtual base. The basic working of the system is outlined

Developmental Difficulties and Young Offenders Essay

Developmental Difficulties and Young Offenders - Essay Example As the review is based entirely upon research, we would examine each issue in the light of scientific findings supported by well-known theorists. In the end the evaluative findings would be summarised by a brief conclusion. In order to measure the depth of psychological influence on young offenders, it would be a mistake if we lag behind in considering the developmental changes that indulge young children into several difficulties, which reveal only when they become offenders. These difficulties having more to do with psychology, and the issues, which are related to it, are psychiatric disorders escorting towards bullying, crime, depression and suicidal behaviour, take place mostly between the ages of 12 to 25 years. If we analyse the stages of development according to Freud's theory, he believed the early years of life to be the most crucial determinants of personality formation and that every child passes through defined stages of development, each of which is dynamically different. So Freud felt that each of us must successfully negotiate these stages of development. If we fail, personality difficulties of various degrees are likely to appear. Piaget's theory advocates children's understanding of right and... Lawrence Kohlberg borrowed Piaget's two stages of moral reasoning into three developmental levels. Level 1, 'Preconventional Morality' refers those youngsters who avoid punishment and do things for the sake of their own personal gain, the second level 'conventional morality' is the level of reasoning in which right and wrong are defined by conformity to law and moral rules while third and highest level 'post conventional morality' refers to those who allow moral rules to be changed or broken for the sake of higher order moral principles. So it is clear that young offenders uphold in the third category where their perception allows everything fair and morally right for them. Kohlberg's theory distinguishes between "what is right" and "why do right" and research suggests that such offending attitude lies in between 'what' and 'why'. Piaget's theory depicts cognitive development from infancy to childhood as a series of four stages, each characterised by distinctive modes of thoughts that differ qualitatively from thinking in earlier and later stages. It is from those distinctive thoughts we can visualise each and every child reacts in a different manner to different circumstances. Some children perceives an offending attitude when they are subjected towards negligence and are sensitive while others not. So, it is very easy to associate youth with offending attitude but according to researchers to highlight the major aspects behind the scene is probably a difficult task. The concern is not the young offenders but the difficulties they are confronted to and the reasons behind such attitude is the major task, which is often neglected by us. According to Inhelder and Piaget the main area to be emphasised upon is the psychological

Commercialism in schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Commercialism in schools - Research Paper Example However, a business can only assist a school by giving in a sustainable manner and this means that the ways in which businesses interact with schools ought to be creative, beneficial and useful for everyone. A business must earn, involve people in activities, try to expand economic activity and try to fulfill needs. Commercialism is the way of life in the United States of America and the world, but it is important to carry on with commercialism in a responsible manner to create and not to damage all those who are involved. Thus, despite the flawed schemes of the past, it is likely that business involvement in schools will continue in the future, with more creative and constructive schemes for interaction evolving with time. This study presents a critical discussion about commercialism in schools from a historical perspective and utilizes a process of examining reports presented over the years past about the commercialism in schools phenomenon. The 2002 Alex Molnar and Joseph Reeves Article presenting Systematic Data related to Growth of Schoolhouse Commercialism and the Assault on Educative Experience in Journal of Curriculum and Supervision 7 The Ninth Annual Report on Commercialism in Schools by Alex Molnar, Published by Arizona State University Commercialism in Education Research Unit on November 2006 12 Article Moving from Theory to Practice: One Teacher’s Journey towards a Commercial-Free Classroom by Cathy Hart, Published in Canadian Teachers Federation Newsletter, Volume 6, No. 3, 2006 19 The March 24, 2003 Article on Commercialism in Schools: A Moral Imperative for School Leaders by Tom Goodney, Published on March 24, 2003 by Miami University Initiative Anthology 20 Figure 3: Combined total Hits for Media

Political Terrorism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Terrorism - Term Paper Example Some of the most threatening terrorist groups are taking advantage of IT, like the Internet, telecommunication equipment, and computers to enhance the organization and coordination of scattered operations. This essay discusses the impact of information technology on terrorism; how policymakers, intelligence specialists, and scholars view this current change in the nature of terrorism; and the needed security or defense policies to disrupt this new form of terrorism. While numerous private companies have adopted information technology to conduct their businesses more competitively and with better adaptability, terrorist organizations are exploiting the potentials of IT to facilitate new structures of organization and functional ideologies. And while private companies are building consortiums to offer a wide variety of products and/or services to consumers, terrorist organizations are ‘fragmenting’ from hierarchical bureaucracies and shifting to more linear, autonomous, and frequently restructuring networks of organizations unified by a shared objective (Muckian, 2006). The emergence of networked terrorist organizations is a component of a larger move toward ‘netwar’. Netwar is defined as a developing form of crime and conflict requiring procedures far removed from conventional war where in actors are likely to be made up of small, scattered units who carry out, organize, and communicate their operations without an exact central authority (Arquilla & Ronfeldt, 2001, 3). Netwar is different from forms of conflict wherein the players favor hierarchical, independent, official structures, ideologies, and approaches, such as earlier attempts, for instance, to create consolidated revolutionary campaigns along the lines of Marxism. †¦ criminal organizations and networks based in North America, Western Europe, China, Colombia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia will expand the

How to Look Good when Pregnant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Look Good when Pregnant - Essay Example After all the pregnancy condition is a celebration of your female nature especially motherhood. There is no need to spoil the joy with a dull look. There is no proper reason to do that since there are abundant stores in our country, which offers a number of fashions that will help you look impressive in the period of pregnancy. If you think of price, there are varied fashions that are suitable for you at your power to purchase. What you ought to do is choosing the best out of the best, nothing else. This article gives you everything you need to look good when you are pregnant. What should you wear when pregnant Your look generally depends on the type of clothes you wear. For you to look good when pregnant, you have to be smart in your selection of clothing. In the ancient times, people used to hide their bellies when they are pregnant. If you still use them, then you have to read this article with a lot of keenness. Pitched in a tent like dresses were used by the mothers so that they could not be noticed in any way that they were pregnant. This culture has long ceased, and in today’s world, there are fashions and styles of making clothes that will always make you look beautiful and impressive. Here, are some of clothing and possible shops where you can get them. Tops As you know or have realized your bust will always increase when you are pregnant. You need tops that will cover you well as well as make you feel relaxed always. This should not bother you anymore. There are diverse versions of tops which the you can use to fit your increasing body at pocket friendly price. You may choose to wear the empire waist top which pushes over one right below the bust allowing ample space for the bump or use other tops such as stretch t-shirts, flannel shirts, bottom-front shirt among others. All these are found at different sizes in the shops and their prices won’t injure your bank account. Stores that offer such selections at an affordable price are for ins tance the Ann Taylor Loft, the Motherhood Maternity and the sears. Maternity dresses Presently, your pregnancy bump is not something to hide in your dresses. Celebrations should be your theme due to the maternity clothes which are now becoming better looking with each passing day. They will make you look pretty and feel feminine. Never mind of your pants, get stretch pants, which also look a lot better. Tummies are often exposed with dresses that skim the body, jeans that are low waist and even reaped T-shirts. Dresses are the most relaxed piece of clothing to sport while you are pregnant. The dress will also make you look stylish. As one selects a dress to wear while she is pregnant, some considerations must be made. The dresses are fitting through the shoulders and have a neckline that is flattering. These dresses are modeled in a way that to be able to add a jacket or a sweater for a different look. Type of shoes to wear during pregnancy The formal dress will make you look cuter when paired with low heels or boots, earrings, handbag, as well as a little makeup. Pigtails are low safeguarding and sexy all at ago. You can even dress up a roll with a little bit of coverings and elegant clips. Swelling of feet is one of the symptoms of pregnancy. You need to change the shoes you wear in order to be fitted and make you comfortable (Riley 2006). This as well is available, and

Political Terrorism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Terrorism - Term Paper Example Some of the most threatening terrorist groups are taking advantage of IT, like the Internet, telecommunication equipment, and computers to enhance the organization and coordination of scattered operations. This essay discusses the impact of information technology on terrorism; how policymakers, intelligence specialists, and scholars view this current change in the nature of terrorism; and the needed security or defense policies to disrupt this new form of terrorism. While numerous private companies have adopted information technology to conduct their businesses more competitively and with better adaptability, terrorist organizations are exploiting the potentials of IT to facilitate new structures of organization and functional ideologies. And while private companies are building consortiums to offer a wide variety of products and/or services to consumers, terrorist organizations are ‘fragmenting’ from hierarchical bureaucracies and shifting to more linear, autonomous, and frequently restructuring networks of organizations unified by a shared objective (Muckian, 2006). The emergence of networked terrorist organizations is a component of a larger move toward ‘netwar’. Netwar is defined as a developing form of crime and conflict requiring procedures far removed from conventional war where in actors are likely to be made up of small, scattered units who carry out, organize, and communicate their operations without an exact central authority (Arquilla & Ronfeldt, 2001, 3). Netwar is different from forms of conflict wherein the players favor hierarchical, independent, official structures, ideologies, and approaches, such as earlier attempts, for instance, to create consolidated revolutionary campaigns along the lines of Marxism. †¦ criminal organizations and networks based in North America, Western Europe, China, Colombia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia will expand the

Animal System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal System - Research Paper Example Their digestive system is composed of the mouth, tongue, gall bladder, pancreas, the four compartment stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum), salivary glands, the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), esophagus and the large intestine, which include; cecum, colon, and rectum (Brooker 5). A ruminant animal uses its mouth and tongue to harvest forages and consume feedstuffs during grazing. Cattle pick up feeds during grazing by grasping and gathering the plants with their tongues and pulling them to tear for consumption. On average, cattle take from 25,000 to over 40,000 prehensile bites each day when grazing and harvest forage. Typically, spend over 30 percent of their time grazing, another 30 percent of their time chewing cud, and the rest of their time idling where they are not grazing or chewing cud (Hall 9). The roof of their mouth is a hard dental pad without incisors. The incisors on the lower jaw work against this hard dental pad. The incisors of roughage selectors are wide and have a shovel-shaped crown while those of concentrate selectors are narrower and chisel-shaped. They have the same number of molars and premolars both on the upper and lower jaws. The ruminants use their teeth to crush and grind feeds during chewing and rumination (Hall 9). Saliva helps in moistening the feeds hence making easy when chewing and swallowing. Saliva contains enzymes, which breaks down the starch (salivary amylase) and fat (salivary lipase) and is involved in recycling of nitrogen to the rumen. In the rumen and reticulum, the pH level is reduced by saliva. On average, in a day, a mature cow will produce up to 50 quarts of saliva; this is in relation with the amount of time they spend chewing feeds, which stimulates saliva production. The forage and feed mixes with saliva, which contains bicarbonate, sodium, phosphate, potassium and urea when consumed, to form a bolus. The bolus then moves from the mouth to the reticulum

Customer satisfaction analysis of telecommunication company Vodafone

Customer satisfaction analysis of telecommunication company Vodafone Telecommunication sector is the largest one across UK and one of the major contributors in UKs economy. There are number of telecom players in UK telecom sector and among these players, Vodafone is the leader having 34% market share. The company launched every time new product/service in the market to delight its customers. Sometime the customers face number of issues or problems with the services for which the company has set up its separate customer care center (Deurinck, 2007). The customer care standards therefore play significant role if delivering services and satisfying the customer need. Therefore with this consideration the area of the research is to measure the satisfaction level of customers of Vodafone (Bloom, 2006). Further the research will identify the importance of customer care standards in telecommunication business and how to imply it into the business to retain the customer. The overall aim of this research will be to increase the business profitability and growth through high level of customer satisfaction. The research study is focusing towards the customer care in telecom sector to understand the problems faced by the customers of Vodafone. The following research objectives will be achieved in this research: To determine the key elements of customer care standards to be maintained for the purpose of delivery high satisfaction and retaining the customers in Vodafone. to understand the current level of satisfaction among the Vodafone customers with its services To determine the training and development needs to be fulfilled to deliver the services above customer expectations. To recommend the suitable strategies to Vodafone for improving the customer satisfaction level and increasing the loyalty of the customers 2. Research Methods: In order to achieve the above listed research objectives, an efficient research method needs to be designed. A research onion method has been used to design the research methodology for completing the above e research objectives. A special emphasis has bee given to the operational function of Vodafone, hence with such sensitivity, it is essential to critically review the available research methods to design the suitable framework. In the research onion process designed by Saunders et al (2003), the following layers exist and by removing out each layer, a suitable step is obtained. Integration of each part from the selection of available methods provides the appropriate research methodology. Research Purpose/Aim/Objective Research Approach Research Strategy Data Collection Sample Selection Data Analysis Validity/Reliability of the Data 3. Research Aims and Objectives: As mentioned earlier the aim of the research is to understand the satisfaction level of customers at Vodafone and customer care standards in Vodafone. 4. Research philosophy: Saunders et al, (2003) research philosophy is the technique to initiate the research by means of development thinking and the way in which the research want to conduct the research study. A researcher can make the choices among positivism, interpretivism and realism research philosophies. Positivism and realism research philosophy is not relevant in this research since both the philosophical approaches work on the behavioral studies; however this is the independent research where the satisfaction level of the customers will be tested. In this study there is no connection of the behavioral studies. Hence interpretivism research philosophy will be adopted to conduct this research work. Moreover the interpretivism research philosophy enables the researcher to determine and analyze the different variables. The discussion of the research findings is more exploratory with in-depth discussion. Therefore the interpretivism research philosophy is more relevant than the positivism and realism. The results of the study will be interpreted based on the real world findings by interviewing the customers at Vodafone. 5. Research Approach: The second layer of the research onion is research approach which enables the researcher to further make out the selection of data collection and data analysis methods. Also the right research approach enable the researcher to take further decided on line of action item that help the researcher to fulfil the research objectives in case any constraints occurs. A researcher therefore can make the selection among deductive, inductive and abductive research approaches. Since the philosophical approach is interpretivism which can be better aligned with the deductive research approach as per the argument provided by Saunders et al (2003). Deductive approach is useful where the data is collected from the external respondents and analyzed to improve the current state. Since the research is focusing towards the customer satisfaction level at Vodafone which will eventually increase the companys profitability. Looking at such usefulness the ab-ductiuve and inductive research approached are irre levant to use in this study. Further to justify the selection of deductive research approach, it is provided the base to verify the theoretical results with the primary findings. Hence the deductive research is relevant in this study. It will enable the researcher to establish the link between the evaluation of research objectives and summary findings which has been derived from the primary and secondary research. 6. Research Strategy: The third layer of the research onion includes the choices of research strategies. According to Saunders et al (2003), a researcher can make the selection between the qualitative and quantitative research strategy. In qualitative research, a thorough discussion in held with the qualitative data whiles the quantitative research methods is based more on the quantitative data. Qualitative research is more useful where the researcher wants to develop the opinion based on the small sample size. On the other hand the quantitative research is useful where the researcher wants to develop the opinion based on larger sample size. In-depth discussion analysis is used to achieve the aims and objectives in qualitative research methods, while the numeric analysis is conducted to achieve the aims and objective of the research. However, sometimes the researcher can also use the mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Since the researcher wants to collect the opinion of customers of Vod afone to understand their satisfaction level, therefore the quantitative as well as qualitative both the research strategies will be used in this research. 6.1 Qualitative Strategy: As per the opinion of Saunders et al (2003), the qualitative research is emphasized on exploring the key points and issues related to the research objectives. The qualitative research methods enable the research to determine the way to gain the insight from the research. Further it seeks the behaviour, value system, motivation, attitude and culture. A lot more approaches for example conducting primary research interviews, feedback, reports and other sources are searched out to get the right information. 6.2 Quantitative strategy: According to Saunders et al (2003), quantitative research methods enable the researcher to extract the information from the opinion of the target respondents and conducted a statistical analysis to test the opinion and develop the conclusion of the research. The quantitative data can be extracted using primary research, financial documents, ratio calculation for the purpose of understanding the company performance. It is essential to understand how company is developing the standards for resolving the customer issues for the increasing the loyalty and business profitability. Therefore it is separate method of collecting the information apart from the qualitative analysis. Under the qualitative and quantitative research strategies, the following data collection methods will be utilized. Data Collection using Primary Research: According to Saunders et al 2003, primary research for data collection is useful to collect the honest and real opinion to achieve the research objectives and draw the conclusion in more realistic way. In primary research, the researcher can collect the information through various methods such as surveys, interviews, observations. Hence it is purely based on the field research. Since, the research focuses on the customer satisfaction which will be analyzed by collecting the opinion from large set of Vodafone customers. Hence the survey method is more useful to collect the information. Under the quantitative research strategy, a structured questionnaire will be utilized to collect the information towards the satisfaction of the customer towards the Vodafone services. Interviews and observations are irrelevant in this research since it can be conducted only with smaller sample size which is irrelevant to draw the conclusion about the customer satisfaction with the Vodafone services. Th e survey will be conducted among large group of customers of Vodafone to measure their satisfaction level. Given below is the details of sampling method used and profile of the target respondents. Sampling: Sampling is required to define the method of selecting and defining the sample of target respondent from the universe. The research will use the random sampling method since the research is customer focused and large universe of customer available. The researcher therefore can identify the Vodafone customers only after proper screening. Simulation technique will be used to generate the random samples. Random sampling enables the researcher to reach the right target respondents where the universe is large though the incidence is also high (Banker and Morley, 2007). Since Vodafone is the largest provider of telecom services in UK, therefore the universe of people using Vodafone services will be very high. The following sample size will be used to collect the opinion of the customers towards satisfaction with the Vodafone services: Customers: 300 Target Respondents: Target respondents will be consumers of age more than 18 years who are the Vodafone customers and must be using for Vodafone services for minimum last six months. Research will conduct 50% of the surveys with female customers and remaining 50% with male customers. Survey Instrument: According to Saunders et al (2003), questionnaire is the best survey tool to collect the information. A researcher can use either the structured, semi structured or unstructured questionnaire. Structured questionnaire includes all close ended questions, semi structured questionnaire includes mix of close and open ended questions while unstructured questionnaire includes all open ended questions. The unstructured questionnaire is more regarded as discussion guide. The research strategy adopted by the researcher is mix of quantitative and qualitative research strategy. Primary research is used under the quantitative research methods, therefore the structured questionnaire will be utilised to collect the information. Secondary Research: In addition to the primary research, secondary research will be conducted to collect the information from various secondary sources such as company website, news articles, research reports, blogs, academic journals and web articles. Secondary data will be collected under the qualitative research strategy. Information collected through secondary research will used to develop the literature review in this research by reviewing the views from different authors in the context of customer satisfaction. 7. Data Analysis: Data analysis is the sensitive part of the research. Therefore it needs special emphasis while selecting the methods and tools for data analysis. The right selection of data analysis method enables the researcher to meet the desired level of outcome and achieve the research objective efficiently (Bush et al, 2008). The data will be collected in the line of research aim and research objective. Since both the qualitative and quantitative research strategies have been used to collect the information therefore the researcher will represent the qualitative information through discussion critical analysis while the data collected through quantitative method will be presented through graphs and discussion will be made. Moreover the quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical tools such as regression analysis and measures of central tendency (Bucklin, 2004). 8. Reliability and Validity of Data: It is essential for the researcher to maintain the reliability and validity of the data to ensure that the conclusion drawn from the research is academically and ethically appropriate and should not be biased or skewed towards a particular variable. In this view the research will ensure the reliability and validity if the data by suing valid sources of information. Pilot test will be conducted to ensure that the information collected though the instrument should not be biased and 100% accurate. Further the information collected through primary research will be cross checked through secondary information. Only academic journals and authenticated websites will be used to collect the information. 9. Peers Review and Suggestions for Improvement: I have administered the questionnaire among the peer group and after reviewing it, my peers have identified some issues in the questionnaire. Initially the feedback provided by peer group was to make the questionnaire in a proper sequence as per the recommendation of Deurinck (2007). Also some of the options in each question were not clear for example the service portfolio was incorrect. I made it clear by collecting the information from company website. I have included the likert scale questions and less of the dichotomous questions as per the suggestion provided by peer group. 10. Limitations Difficulties: There could be several limitations the researcher might face while conducting this research. Due to time constraint the sample size small to generate the consensus about the satisfaction with the services provided by Vodafone. Also it could not be the reflection of the whole customer base of Vodafone towards the satisfaction. The analysis and interpretation may not be 100% accurate and free from error. The random sampling approach will be used to define the samples which may not be of the quality which is expected as obtained by the complete enumeration survey as it is not possible due to financial and time constraint (Bucklin, 2004). 11. Conclusion: The area of the research is customer satisfaction towards the service offered by large telecom service provider Vodafone. In order to achieve the desired level of objectives and aim, qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used to collect the information. Interpretivism research philosophy will be used to generate the desired level of outcome. Primary and secondary data will be used to collect the information. Within the primary method, surveys will be administered among the customer of Vodafone to collect their opinion towards the Vodafone services (Deurinck, 2007). Appendix A Questionnaire Dear participant, my name is____________ and I am pursuing my _________________ from university. I am conducting a research study in UK telecom sector with emphasis on Vodafone to understand the satisfaction level of customers with the services provided by Vodafone and customer care standards maintained by the company to resolve the customer issues in the partial fulfillment of my degree. I ensure that the complete research work is conducted only for the academic purpose and will not be used for any commercial activity. I am assuring that the information provided by you will be used solely in this research and will not publish any where else I will be highly obliged for your participation in this survey. Would you wish to continue? Yes (Continue) No (Thanks for your time and terminate) Q1. Please select from the following which mobile connection do you have? Orange (TERMINATE) T-Mobile (TERMINATE) Sprint (TERMINATE) Verizon (TERMINATE) ATT (TERMINATE) Vodafone (CONTINUE) Q2. Please tell me which of the following telecom connection do you have? Post paid Pre paid Q3. Please rate the service provider based on the service offerings provided to you on the following scale? Excellent Good Average Poor Terrible Not Sure Q4. Please tell me which of the following offers influenced you to purchase the services from Vodafone? Price Network Service Brand Image VAS Expected Values Q5. Please tell me which of the following value added services are most satisfactory to you? SMS Packs Concession call rates Internet service Full talk time Q6. Please tell me how long have you used these services from Vodafone? > 1 Month 1-6 Months 6 M 1 Year Q7. Please rate your overall satisfaction level with the services provided by Vodafone? Very Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Q8. Please rate the service provided by Vodafone on the following scale based on which you think the services are for value for money? Excellent Good Fair Poor Not Sure Q9. Please tell me what kind of issues you have faced so far for which you need to contact customer care/service department of Vodafone? Billing Related Activation/De-activation Information of VASs Network Problem Expected Values Q10. Please think about recent experience you had with Vodafone, how much satisfied are you with the customer care service from the company? Very Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Q11. Please tell me how satisfied are you with the process of getting your queries resolved? Very Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Thanks for your participation!

Sun, Sand, Sea, Magic :: essays research papers

Sun, Sand, Sea, Magic. Adrenaline pulses through your body as you move in harmony with the raging sea. The sunlight reflecting off the surfaces of the water, as you glide effortlessly on your surfboard. The frothy cool foam of the sea, licking at your heels as you surf down the face of the swelling wave. The thrill and excitement of surfing isn’t easily described in words, its something to be experienced. With the proper equipment and learning some simple techniques anyone can learn to surf. Choosing a proper surfboard can be a daunting task. They come in such a wide variety of shapes and sizes it can be overwhelming. Basically there are three standard shapes and variations on these: short board, gun, and long board. The short boards are designed for performance and speed. Short boards range from five feet to seven feet in length. The gun surfboards are your mid-sized shapes ranging in height from seven feet up to nine feet. Easier to learn on because of the extra length, yet more cumbersome to turn and maneuver. The long boards are nine feet and longer. Long boards are slow and smooth, catching waves easier because of the longer planning ability. Long boards are the slowest to maneuver and handle quickly, because of their larger more cumbersome size. There are also different fin configurations to consider. A single fin is easier to control but lacks much maneuverability. A tri-fin design is harder to control but can really shred through the water, and you need more abil ity as a rider to see its potential. Typically you want a board at least a foot taller than you, but it’s easier to learn on a longer board. A wider and thicker board is also easier to paddle on, so grab a gun sized board or taller with a single fin to start and soon you will want to move to a faster short board to really carve up the water! Some additional items will make surfing more comfortable. A riding leash is a bungee like cord that attaches to the surfboard and has a Velcro strap for your ankle. Generally around six feet long this makes it easier to retrieve your board in an eventual wipeout. Wetsuits for various weather conditions are the full suit and short suit. They keep you warm and help against minor abrasions. Now we have the proper gear lets do some practice. Sun, Sand, Sea, Magic :: essays research papers Sun, Sand, Sea, Magic. Adrenaline pulses through your body as you move in harmony with the raging sea. The sunlight reflecting off the surfaces of the water, as you glide effortlessly on your surfboard. The frothy cool foam of the sea, licking at your heels as you surf down the face of the swelling wave. The thrill and excitement of surfing isn’t easily described in words, its something to be experienced. With the proper equipment and learning some simple techniques anyone can learn to surf. Choosing a proper surfboard can be a daunting task. They come in such a wide variety of shapes and sizes it can be overwhelming. Basically there are three standard shapes and variations on these: short board, gun, and long board. The short boards are designed for performance and speed. Short boards range from five feet to seven feet in length. The gun surfboards are your mid-sized shapes ranging in height from seven feet up to nine feet. Easier to learn on because of the extra length, yet more cumbersome to turn and maneuver. The long boards are nine feet and longer. Long boards are slow and smooth, catching waves easier because of the longer planning ability. Long boards are the slowest to maneuver and handle quickly, because of their larger more cumbersome size. There are also different fin configurations to consider. A single fin is easier to control but lacks much maneuverability. A tri-fin design is harder to control but can really shred through the water, and you need more abil ity as a rider to see its potential. Typically you want a board at least a foot taller than you, but it’s easier to learn on a longer board. A wider and thicker board is also easier to paddle on, so grab a gun sized board or taller with a single fin to start and soon you will want to move to a faster short board to really carve up the water! Some additional items will make surfing more comfortable. A riding leash is a bungee like cord that attaches to the surfboard and has a Velcro strap for your ankle. Generally around six feet long this makes it easier to retrieve your board in an eventual wipeout. Wetsuits for various weather conditions are the full suit and short suit. They keep you warm and help against minor abrasions. Now we have the proper gear lets do some practice.

The Prioress of The Canterbury Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

The Prioress of The Canterbury Tales    In the poem, by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer depicts the people of the church and describes them as people who are not the sole embodiment of people who have sworn themselves to God, and to live by the four vows that the church requires them to commit themselves to. The Prioress, a Nun, is no exception, but Chaucer does not directly say how she represents the four vows but rather it is what he does not say that leads people to believe the Prioress is the exact opposite of what is expected of a nun that has committed herself to the four vows.    Men and women of the church are expected to live in poverty and hold no worldly possessions. The Prioress spoke of owning little dogs, which is strictly prohibited in a convent, and treating them exceptionally well and being extremely attached to them. By owing these dogs she violated the vow of poverty but the most apparent item that she owns is a gold broche that and leads the reader to believe that she was not entirely devoted to the church.    Chaucer spent a great deal of time explaining how she was extremely obsessed with her etiquette, that hints to the reader that she is more suited to be a beloved lady rather than a nun. In the days of Chaucer, women used excellent etiquette to attract and keep lovers. This indicates that the Prioress in not completely faithful to her vow of chastity, but rather a woman of promiscuity.    The vow of obedience, in reference to the Prioress, is probably the most odd vow of the four, since he never mentions it. While Chaucer is describing the Prioress he never once mentions how she serves God or nothing of that sort. This leaves the reader wondering if she serves God well or does not, but it is obvious that she has failed to follow the other vows and that this one is no exception.    A nun should pray, study, do service to God, and live a confined life free from temptation, but the Prioress has already violated the first three vows and those have to be followed to successful fulfill the vow of obedience.

“Coming of Age”

In life most people just cannot wait for the chance of becoming a â€Å"grown up†. Anticipating the chance to have more independence and the opportunity to do things that were perceived as being mature and cool. While growing up, the people suffer through a set of changes as they develop a sexually mature adult body. While these changes are primarily physical in nature, profound mental, emotional and social, changes also occur as youth adapt to their maturing bodies. A young Jewish girl who had to go into hiding during the Second World War to escape from the persecution of the Nazis suffered a lot.Although rejected and isolated, she didn? t stop showing signs of coming of age as a normal girl such as having an imaginary friend, entering puberty and having sexual curiosity. First of all, Kitty, Anne? s diary, came to help to deal in the time of transition. Young children often have imaginary friends. Anne Frank, after she followed her family into hiding, never enjoyed this luxu ry. Her diary became Anne? s friend, her retreat from a microcosm imposed upon her and the seven other Jews imprisoned in the loft because of Hitler’s master plan of genocide against Jews and other groups.Even before the Franks entered the loft, Anne had named her diary â€Å"Kitty. †Ã‚   (Shuman). Kitty helps Anne deal with the huge change and the reader sees it when she writes to her about the Annex. â€Å"I’ve probably bored you with my long description of our house, but I still think you should know where I’ve ended up† (Frank 25) and when how her world turned upside down because of the sudden change. â€Å"It seems like years since Sunday morning. So much has happened it’s as if the whole world had suddenly turned upside down. But as you can see, Kitty, I’m still alive† (Frank 19).In these two quotes, Anne is telling Kitty that a lot have happened and she doesn’t feel comfortable being in hideout but at least she is still alive and has a friend who can tell everything. In writing to Kitty, Frank is trying to reach out to the normal world beyond her confined quarters. She misses school and her old friends. As the youngest in the secret annex, she is treated with condescension by the adults and sometimes scolded for her boisterousness. To overcome these feelings of isolation, she invents a friend in whom she can confide (Furst). I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone† (Frank 1). During her time in the annex Anne feels that despite having her parents, it’s better to tell everything to Kitty. † Paper has more patience than people† (Frank 6). The Jewish girl feels that no one interested of what a thirteen year-old girl has to say and it’s better to write what she feels without fear of being judged and that was really hard for her because of being Jewish in times of the Holocaust. After Germany invaded Nether lands and the government began to persecute Jews.Anne dropped her studies and lost contact with all her Jewish friends. During hideout, Kitty acted as Anne’s trusted confident when there was no one else to tell her secrets to. Kitty provided comfort in times of stress and companionship when she was lonely. â€Å"I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support† (Frank 1). Anne Frank was a popular girl in the school but she felt like she didn’t have a lots of friends and that’s one of the reasons why she had such a strong relationship with Kitty. The reader later learns that neither Mrs.Frank nor Margot offered much to Anne in the way of emotional support and even though Anne’s father tried everything he could, he failed. â€Å"And yet for a long time I’ve felt extremely lonely, left out, neglected and misunderstood. Father did everything he could to curb my rebellious spirit, but it was no use†¦ Why didn’t father support me in my struggle? Why did he fall short when he tried to offer me a helping hand? The answer is: he used the wrong methods. He always talked to me as if I were a child going through a difficult phase† (Frank 329).Anne does realize that her father did try to help her but he failed; although Kitty didn’t. Kitty was always with her. † So far you truly have been a great source of comfort to me, and so has Kitty, whom I now write to regularly. This way of keeping a diary is much nicer, and now I can hardly wait for those moments when I’m able to write in you. Oh, I’m so glad I brought you along! † (Frank 1). Furthermore, during her concealment from the German soldiers, Anne started to show physical signs of growing up as her body started to change.Anne Frank? s puberty began when she was 13 years old. Her breasts started to developed and because of the change, she had a terrible urge to feel her breast at night in bed. In addition, hair began to g row, and at the end Anne finally got her period. â€Å"I think that what’s happening to me is so wonderful, and I don’t just mean the changes taking place on the outside of my body, but also those on the inside. I never discuss myself or any of these things with others, which is why I have to talk about them to myself.Whenever I have my period (and that’s only been three times), I have the feeling that in spite of all the pain, discomfort and mess, I’m carrying around a sweet secret† (Frank 160). At many points in her diary, the young girl expresses her desire to grow up so that her family take her seriously and she hopes to have her period thinking of it as physical sign of adulthood would make others respect her. When her period didn? t brought her family to respect her maturity, she continued to enjoy it as a â€Å"sweet secret†. At the time she made her first entries into her now-famous diary, she was pampered and immature (Shauman).Duri ng Anne’s changes, the reader feels that she is no longer a naive kid because she leaves her normal childhood behind and becomes more mature and thoughtful due to the unusual circumstances of the Holocaust. â€Å"I was suffering then (and still do) from moods that kept my head under water (figuratively speaking) and allowed me to see things only from my own perspective, without calmly considering what the others- those whom I, with my mercurial temperament, had hurt or offended- had said, and then acting as they would have done† (Frank 157-158).This quote shows that Anne began to grow up, reflecting more objectively on her own behaviour. Puberty is not only changes in the person body but it’s also a transition from childhood to adulthood. One cause of the sudden change in Anne was war. â€Å"The war is going to go on despite our quarrels and our longing for freedom and fresh air, so we should try to make the best to stay here. I’m preaching, but I also b elieve that if I live here much longer I’ll turn into dried-up old beanstalk. And all I really want is to be an honest-to-goodness teenager! † (Frank 169). Anne believes that war has made her grow old too quickly.She lost her chance to be a young person, enjoying life. As part of Anne’s development into a young adult, she started to develop an identity separated from her parents and a capacity of decision-making. She started to experience teenage rebellion mostly towards her mother. â€Å"Margot and Mother’s personalities are so alien to me. I understand my girlfriends better than my own mother. Isn’t that a shame? † (Frank 42). This is one of the first times that Anne expresses a typical adolescent sentiment that she can relate to her friends better than to her own family.Throughout the diary, Anne presents her mother in a negative and judgemental fashion. Anne sees her mother as an irritating figure of authority and she frequently wrote of her difficult relationship with her. One reason why Anne has problems with her mother is because Mrs. Frank sees Anne as a friend. †I’ve suddenly realized what’s wrong with her. Mother has said that she sees us more as friends than as daughters. That’s all very nice, of course, except that a friend can’t take the place of a mother.I need my mother to set a good example and be a person I can respect, but in most matters she’s an example of what not to do† (Frank 159). Anne tells Kitty that she needs a mother that possesses a great deal of tact, especially towards her adolescent children, and not one who pokes fun at her when she cries. Finally, as Anne continues to grow, she develops the sense of gender differences and also the curiosity of the body. During her hideout, Anne complains that it? s really easy to see exactly what a naked man looks like because of pictures, but it’s really hard to see a naked picture of a woman. Every time I see a female nude, such as the Venus in my history book, I go into ecstasy. Sometimes I find them so exquisite I have to struggle to hold back my tears. If I only had a girlfriend! † (Frank 161). That? s probably one of the reasons that she touched herself when she was in the annex. The reader also finds out that, before going into hiding, Anne had a sexual curiosity about the human body. â€Å"Unconsciously, I had these feelings even before I came here. Once when I was spending the night at Jacque’s, I could no longer restrain my curiosity about her body†¦I asked wether, as a proof of our friendship, we could touch each other’s breasts. Jacque refused. I also had a terrible desire to kiss her, which I did† (Frank 161). Through her thoughts expressed to Kitty, the reader appreciates that Anne was growing up really fast. The young girl was in the stage of trying to find love and have a relationship. When Anne talks about her love life, things g ets confusing because there were multiple Peters during Anne’s short life. When Anne was thirteen she already had boys on the brain and she had a lot of admirers. I have a throng of admirers who can’t keep their adoring eyes off me and who sometimes have to resort to using a broken pocket mirror to try and catch a glimpse of me in the classroom† (Frank 7). Anne does seem to be a male magnet and before going into the annex, she experienced a relationship with a sixteen-year-old guy named Peter Schiff; however their relationship soon ended because Anne was too young. After going into hiding, she met Peter Van Daan, a shy boy in the annex that Anne has no taste for at first. However later in the diary, Anne begins having dreams of Peter Schiff. I immediately remembered what I’d been dreaming about. I was sitting on a chair and across from me was Peter†¦ Peter Schiff† (Frank 162). Those dreams that Anne had, mark what she thinks to be a significant change in herself. â€Å"I (there I go again! ) don’t know what’s happened, but since my dream I keep noticing how I’ve changed† (Frank 170). Those changes are a result of increased interest in romantic love and sex. It seems that Anne started to realize that she wanted love and companionship so desperately that she blinded herself to who Peter Van Daan really was. No, I think about Peter much more than I do Father. I know very well that he was my conquest, and not the other way round. I created an image of him in my mind, pictured him as a quiet, sweet, sensitive boy badly in need of friendship and love! I needed to pour out my heart to a living person. When I finally got him to be my friend, it automatically developed into an intimacy that, when I think about it now, seems outrageous. (Frank 330). The fourteen-years-old girl initiates a healthy curiosity about a natural part of growing up. â€Å"A very strange thing has happened to me.Before I came her e, whenever anyone at home or at school talked about sex, they were either secretive or disgusting. Any words having to do with sex were spoken in a low whisper. That struck me as odd, and I often wondered why people were so mysterious or obnoxious when they talked about this subject† (Frank 172). The young girl is in a mature stage where she really doesn’t see why people laugh or get mysterious about the subject and she really wants to know about sex. Before going into hiding, she tried to ask her friends about the subject. â€Å"I said as little as possible or asked my girlfriends for information† (Frank 172-173).Also, Anne asked her parents, but they were not open about sex and sexuality and that’s why she decided to ask Peter about sex and later she talks to Margot in the bathroom. In the end, Anne Frank died in early March 1945, in a concentration camp. During hiding, Annelies Frank never could get use to the annex and she always felt lonely and misun derstood. Even though she had a horrific childhood, that didn’t stop the enthusiastic young girl to experience normal teenage phases such as having an imaginary companion, facing mental & physical changes, and possessing sexual curiosity.Work Cited ? Frank, Annelies Marie. THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL ANNE FRANL. THE DEFINITIVE EDITION. United States of America: Penguin Books, 1995. 341. ? Shuman, R. Baird, . â€Å"The Diary of a Young Girl. †Ã‚  Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d. Web. 29 May 2012. ? Furst, Lilian R. â€Å"The Diary of a Young Girl. †Ã‚  Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d. Web. 30 May 2012. ? Shauman, R. Baird. â€Å"Anne Frank. †Ã‚  Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d. Web. 30 May 2012. Coming of age Coming of age On January 1 9th, 2008 1 was the happiest person alive. It was very hot and sunny out.. I remember how nice of weather it was. My family and I had taken a vacation to Florida and it was one of the best experiences of my life. 7 years was a long time ago, but still remember every single detail about that trip. On that day, one of the best things ever in my life happened. Even though most people don't think this Is a big deal, It was a very big deal to me.When I was In Elementary school my friends would always ask me if I wanted to go biking around the neighborhood.. I would always have to say no because I did not know how to ride a bike. As much as I tried to learn how, I would always give up. Nothing would work. I was the last of my friends to learn how to ride a bike. It always made me sad watching people bike down the road.. Wishing I knew how to do that. Then one day, my cousin Lexis who Is 2 years younger than me decided she was going to teach me how to ride a bike. E Insisted on It. â€Å"Ally! You're missing out on so much You need to learn† The whole day I thought to myself how many people have tried to teach me how to ride a bike and failed. It was hopeless. I was positive I wasn't going to learn anytime soon.. Maybe even never. Later that day, Lexis came over with her bike, and I had mine. Every minute that went by felt like an hour. Even though I could see the disappointment on her face, she wasn't going to give up on me. Finally, there was hope.She had done it! We had done it.. I had done it. I was biking down the sidewalk with the biggest smile on my face. I had finally learned how to ride a bike without training wheels. I could finally ride one on my own and be like the rest of the kids. I remember being full of joy that day and riding my bike the whole day long. On that day, I felt different, I felt as if a huge weight had just been lifted off my shoulders. It was an amazing feeling that I'll definitely never forget. â€Å"Coming of Age† In life most people just cannot wait for the chance of becoming a â€Å"grown up†. Anticipating the chance to have more independence and the opportunity to do things that were perceived as being mature and cool. While growing up, the people suffer through a set of changes as they develop a sexually mature adult body. While these changes are primarily physical in nature, profound mental, emotional and social, changes also occur as youth adapt to their maturing bodies. A young Jewish girl who had to go into hiding during the Second World War to escape from the persecution of the Nazis suffered a lot.Although rejected and isolated, she didn? t stop showing signs of coming of age as a normal girl such as having an imaginary friend, entering puberty and having sexual curiosity. First of all, Kitty, Anne? s diary, came to help to deal in the time of transition. Young children often have imaginary friends. Anne Frank, after she followed her family into hiding, never enjoyed this luxu ry. Her diary became Anne? s friend, her retreat from a microcosm imposed upon her and the seven other Jews imprisoned in the loft because of Hitler’s master plan of genocide against Jews and other groups.Even before the Franks entered the loft, Anne had named her diary â€Å"Kitty. †Ã‚   (Shuman). Kitty helps Anne deal with the huge change and the reader sees it when she writes to her about the Annex. â€Å"I’ve probably bored you with my long description of our house, but I still think you should know where I’ve ended up† (Frank 25) and when how her world turned upside down because of the sudden change. â€Å"It seems like years since Sunday morning. So much has happened it’s as if the whole world had suddenly turned upside down. But as you can see, Kitty, I’m still alive† (Frank 19).In these two quotes, Anne is telling Kitty that a lot have happened and she doesn’t feel comfortable being in hideout but at least she is still alive and has a friend who can tell everything. In writing to Kitty, Frank is trying to reach out to the normal world beyond her confined quarters. She misses school and her old friends. As the youngest in the secret annex, she is treated with condescension by the adults and sometimes scolded for her boisterousness. To overcome these feelings of isolation, she invents a friend in whom she can confide (Furst). I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone† (Frank 1). During her time in the annex Anne feels that despite having her parents, it’s better to tell everything to Kitty. † Paper has more patience than people† (Frank 6). The Jewish girl feels that no one interested of what a thirteen year-old girl has to say and it’s better to write what she feels without fear of being judged and that was really hard for her because of being Jewish in times of the Holocaust. After Germany invaded Nether lands and the government began to persecute Jews.Anne dropped her studies and lost contact with all her Jewish friends. During hideout, Kitty acted as Anne’s trusted confident when there was no one else to tell her secrets to. Kitty provided comfort in times of stress and companionship when she was lonely. â€Å"I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support† (Frank 1). Anne Frank was a popular girl in the school but she felt like she didn’t have a lots of friends and that’s one of the reasons why she had such a strong relationship with Kitty. The reader later learns that neither Mrs.Frank nor Margot offered much to Anne in the way of emotional support and even though Anne’s father tried everything he could, he failed. â€Å"And yet for a long time I’ve felt extremely lonely, left out, neglected and misunderstood. Father did everything he could to curb my rebellious spirit, but it was no use†¦ Why didn’t father support me in my struggle? Why did he fall short when he tried to offer me a helping hand? The answer is: he used the wrong methods. He always talked to me as if I were a child going through a difficult phase† (Frank 329).Anne does realize that her father did try to help her but he failed; although Kitty didn’t. Kitty was always with her. † So far you truly have been a great source of comfort to me, and so has Kitty, whom I now write to regularly. This way of keeping a diary is much nicer, and now I can hardly wait for those moments when I’m able to write in you. Oh, I’m so glad I brought you along! † (Frank 1). Furthermore, during her concealment from the German soldiers, Anne started to show physical signs of growing up as her body started to change.Anne Frank? s puberty began when she was 13 years old. Her breasts started to developed and because of the change, she had a terrible urge to feel her breast at night in bed. In addition, hair began to g row, and at the end Anne finally got her period. â€Å"I think that what’s happening to me is so wonderful, and I don’t just mean the changes taking place on the outside of my body, but also those on the inside. I never discuss myself or any of these things with others, which is why I have to talk about them to myself.Whenever I have my period (and that’s only been three times), I have the feeling that in spite of all the pain, discomfort and mess, I’m carrying around a sweet secret† (Frank 160). At many points in her diary, the young girl expresses her desire to grow up so that her family take her seriously and she hopes to have her period thinking of it as physical sign of adulthood would make others respect her. When her period didn? t brought her family to respect her maturity, she continued to enjoy it as a â€Å"sweet secret†. At the time she made her first entries into her now-famous diary, she was pampered and immature (Shauman).Duri ng Anne’s changes, the reader feels that she is no longer a naive kid because she leaves her normal childhood behind and becomes more mature and thoughtful due to the unusual circumstances of the Holocaust. â€Å"I was suffering then (and still do) from moods that kept my head under water (figuratively speaking) and allowed me to see things only from my own perspective, without calmly considering what the others- those whom I, with my mercurial temperament, had hurt or offended- had said, and then acting as they would have done† (Frank 157-158).This quote shows that Anne began to grow up, reflecting more objectively on her own behaviour. Puberty is not only changes in the person body but it’s also a transition from childhood to adulthood. One cause of the sudden change in Anne was war. â€Å"The war is going to go on despite our quarrels and our longing for freedom and fresh air, so we should try to make the best to stay here. I’m preaching, but I also b elieve that if I live here much longer I’ll turn into dried-up old beanstalk. And all I really want is to be an honest-to-goodness teenager! † (Frank 169). Anne believes that war has made her grow old too quickly.She lost her chance to be a young person, enjoying life. As part of Anne’s development into a young adult, she started to develop an identity separated from her parents and a capacity of decision-making. She started to experience teenage rebellion mostly towards her mother. â€Å"Margot and Mother’s personalities are so alien to me. I understand my girlfriends better than my own mother. Isn’t that a shame? † (Frank 42). This is one of the first times that Anne expresses a typical adolescent sentiment that she can relate to her friends better than to her own family.Throughout the diary, Anne presents her mother in a negative and judgemental fashion. Anne sees her mother as an irritating figure of authority and she frequently wrote of her difficult relationship with her. One reason why Anne has problems with her mother is because Mrs. Frank sees Anne as a friend. †I’ve suddenly realized what’s wrong with her. Mother has said that she sees us more as friends than as daughters. That’s all very nice, of course, except that a friend can’t take the place of a mother.I need my mother to set a good example and be a person I can respect, but in most matters she’s an example of what not to do† (Frank 159). Anne tells Kitty that she needs a mother that possesses a great deal of tact, especially towards her adolescent children, and not one who pokes fun at her when she cries. Finally, as Anne continues to grow, she develops the sense of gender differences and also the curiosity of the body. During her hideout, Anne complains that it? s really easy to see exactly what a naked man looks like because of pictures, but it’s really hard to see a naked picture of a woman. Every time I see a female nude, such as the Venus in my history book, I go into ecstasy. Sometimes I find them so exquisite I have to struggle to hold back my tears. If I only had a girlfriend! † (Frank 161). That? s probably one of the reasons that she touched herself when she was in the annex. The reader also finds out that, before going into hiding, Anne had a sexual curiosity about the human body. â€Å"Unconsciously, I had these feelings even before I came here. Once when I was spending the night at Jacque’s, I could no longer restrain my curiosity about her body†¦I asked wether, as a proof of our friendship, we could touch each other’s breasts. Jacque refused. I also had a terrible desire to kiss her, which I did† (Frank 161). Through her thoughts expressed to Kitty, the reader appreciates that Anne was growing up really fast. The young girl was in the stage of trying to find love and have a relationship. When Anne talks about her love life, things g ets confusing because there were multiple Peters during Anne’s short life. When Anne was thirteen she already had boys on the brain and she had a lot of admirers. I have a throng of admirers who can’t keep their adoring eyes off me and who sometimes have to resort to using a broken pocket mirror to try and catch a glimpse of me in the classroom† (Frank 7). Anne does seem to be a male magnet and before going into the annex, she experienced a relationship with a sixteen-year-old guy named Peter Schiff; however their relationship soon ended because Anne was too young. After going into hiding, she met Peter Van Daan, a shy boy in the annex that Anne has no taste for at first. However later in the diary, Anne begins having dreams of Peter Schiff. I immediately remembered what I’d been dreaming about. I was sitting on a chair and across from me was Peter†¦ Peter Schiff† (Frank 162). Those dreams that Anne had, mark what she thinks to be a significant change in herself. â€Å"I (there I go again! ) don’t know what’s happened, but since my dream I keep noticing how I’ve changed† (Frank 170). Those changes are a result of increased interest in romantic love and sex. It seems that Anne started to realize that she wanted love and companionship so desperately that she blinded herself to who Peter Van Daan really was. No, I think about Peter much more than I do Father. I know very well that he was my conquest, and not the other way round. I created an image of him in my mind, pictured him as a quiet, sweet, sensitive boy badly in need of friendship and love! I needed to pour out my heart to a living person. When I finally got him to be my friend, it automatically developed into an intimacy that, when I think about it now, seems outrageous. (Frank 330). The fourteen-years-old girl initiates a healthy curiosity about a natural part of growing up. â€Å"A very strange thing has happened to me.Before I came her e, whenever anyone at home or at school talked about sex, they were either secretive or disgusting. Any words having to do with sex were spoken in a low whisper. That struck me as odd, and I often wondered why people were so mysterious or obnoxious when they talked about this subject† (Frank 172). The young girl is in a mature stage where she really doesn’t see why people laugh or get mysterious about the subject and she really wants to know about sex. Before going into hiding, she tried to ask her friends about the subject. â€Å"I said as little as possible or asked my girlfriends for information† (Frank 172-173).Also, Anne asked her parents, but they were not open about sex and sexuality and that’s why she decided to ask Peter about sex and later she talks to Margot in the bathroom. In the end, Anne Frank died in early March 1945, in a concentration camp. During hiding, Annelies Frank never could get use to the annex and she always felt lonely and misun derstood. Even though she had a horrific childhood, that didn’t stop the enthusiastic young girl to experience normal teenage phases such as having an imaginary companion, facing mental & physical changes, and possessing sexual curiosity.Work Cited ? Frank, Annelies Marie. THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL ANNE FRANL. THE DEFINITIVE EDITION. United States of America: Penguin Books, 1995. 341. ? Shuman, R. Baird, . â€Å"The Diary of a Young Girl. †Ã‚  Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d. Web. 29 May 2012. ? Furst, Lilian R. â€Å"The Diary of a Young Girl. †Ã‚  Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d. Web. 30 May 2012. ? Shauman, R. Baird. â€Å"Anne Frank. †Ã‚  Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d. Web. 30 May 2012.